A B S T R A C TToday, all officials involved with the challenges of city sustainability have accepted the idea of a smarter city, using more technologies, creating better living conditions and protecting the environment for a better quality of life. The central part of the metropolis of Tabriz is based on Region 8 and part of Region 10, a historical-cultural area with an area of 286 hectares and a population of about 40 thousand people in 8 neighbourhoods. This research was compiled to evaluate and explain the regeneration of the central part of Tabriz city with the approach of smart growth and in line with the sustainable development of problematic neighbourhoods in the 8th district of Tabriz metropolis. The present review is methodologically practical, to describe and analyze the goals of regeneration based on library studies. The statistical population of the research includes experts and people living in the central context. In the first part, the Delphi method was used by asking experts. In the second part, the structural equation method of SPSS and AMOS software is used. According to the results of using the scales of design, pedestrian-oriented, intergenerational justice in the actual situation and 3 indicators of management and productivity, stable and value-creating jobs are in the potential situation. Also, two environmental indicators with the most direct and indirect effects and a cultural index have been decisive in the regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. Therefore, in the regeneration of the central part, the studied indicators should be used simultaneously and integrated into the reconstruction projects of the central fabric of the city to lead to smart sustainabilityExtended AbstractIntroductionSmart growth is considered a lever for revitalizing neighborhoods and urban centers. In a general scenario of smart growth, knowing the time and resources of investment provides a new and sustainable life in the city center and worn-out and old textures. Moreover, finally, it will improve the quality of urban neighborhoods, especially worn-out ones, and revive them. Tabriz metropolis, one of the most important and largest cities in the country, with a long history of settlement, especially the central and old texture, due to developments in information and communication technology, extensive environmental, social, and economic changes in terms of time requirements, the traditional texture of roads, Deterioration of residential units, lack of equipment, infrastructure and urban services and environmental problems have caused the failure and physically turned into inefficient and problematic textures. Urban planning and development science must adopt a new decision and approach to face the existing and complex issues of worn-out texture. The main problem of the research is to evaluate and explain the regeneration of the central texture and strengthen them in line with the sustainable development of the problematic neighborhoods of Tabriz metropolis according to the solutions and principles of smart urban growth. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to answer the following question:- What are the effective indicators and components in the regeneration of the central texture of Tabriz metropolis with a smart growth approach? MethodologyThis research is applied and fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. The collection methods are based on documentary and library studies, surveys, and interviews. In the first part, qualitative data was prepared with an open questionnaire and through interviews, as well as the review of documents and quantitative data used in this research numerically and through the weighting of Delphi questionnaires based on the consensus index model to determine importance, certainty, and priority. The panel members were 19 people (including 5 university faculty members, 7 field research experts, 4 executive experts, and 3 graduate students) selected based on the non-probability (targeted) method. In the second part, Cronbach's alpha method was exerted to measure the reliability of the questions, which was obtained as 0.89. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the Lawshe method was exploited. The statistical population of the second part includes District 8 of Tabriz, which is the central texture of the city and is equal to 34,231 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was equal to 379 people. Results and discussionIn the next step, path analysis was performed using AMOS 23 software to compare the integrated model with the hypotheses. The results of the path analysis, while verifying the structures, show that the value of the index of the critical ratio to the degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) is equal to 4.01, which is an optimal value for the model fit. Also, the goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.952, which indicates the acceptability of this amount for the optimal fit of the model. The value of the root means the square error of estimation (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable because it is smaller than 0.08 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) is 0.917, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 0.92, and the normalized parsimonious fit index (PNFI) is 0.882, which all indicate that the fit and verification of the research model are desirable.Therefore, none of the objects are removed and remain in the model. Therefore, it is confirmed that the factor structure of regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach has reliability and construct validity. Also, the second-order factor analysis shows that the factor loadings of all regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 95% probability level. According to the results, the environmental dimension with a factor loading of 0.94 has the most significant effect on urban regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central texture of Tabriz city. After that, quality of life with a factor loading of 0.92, social dimension with a factor loading of 0.88, economic dimension with a factor loading of 0.83, physical dimension with a factor loading of 0.81, transportation dimension with a factor loading of 0.74 and cultural dimension in order with a factor loading of 0.72, are in the following ranks.According to the final structural model results, the environmental index has the highest value, with a direct effect of 0.594 and an indirect effect of 0.275. Moreover, after that, respectively, the quality of life index with a direct effect of 0.513 and an indirect effect of 0.236, a social index with a direct effect of 0.476 and an indirect effect of 0.217, an economic index with a direct effect of 0.451 and an indirect effect of 0.222, Physical with the direct effect of 0.435 and indirect effect of 0.205, mobility index with the direct effect of 0.373 and indirect effect of 0.182 and cultural index with the effect of direct values of 0.295 and indirect effect of 0.153 are influential in regeneration with smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. ConclusionIn this research, seven main indicators related to the subject were investigated. The results showed that the environmental index with the most significant direct and indirect effect is the focus of the evaluation. After that, dimensions and indicators of quality of life, social index, economic index, physical index, mobility index, and cultural index have been influential. According to the results, the urban environment index was analyzed as the most important factor at a high level, and this means that for urban regeneration with a smart growth approach, improving the environmental and physical conditions in the worn-out and central texture of Tabriz city in the current situation is a priority. It is first. This is the most well-known part of regeneration with a smart growth approach. The analysis results show that this is not the case only in the case of transportation infrastructure. However, more comprehensive urban infrastructure such as the urban landscape, open spaces, green and parks, etc. are also crucial in improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. Also, this study's results show that the economic sector's importance is as important as improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. In addition, in the worn-out texture of District 8 of Tabriz city, the sociocultural sector is essential, and the revival of historical and cultural resources is considered one of the urban regeneration options. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.  Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific.

The importance of sustainability development for developing countries and their tourism is a major issue. This study presents a new approach and framework for spatial modelling of tourism products potentials (TPP) in their sustainability evaluation. The approach was developed based on the GIS multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and its performance was evaluated for spatial TPP mapping in Tabriz city, Iran. To achieve this purpose, we recognized the main Components of Tourism Development indicators (CTDI) such as attractions, accommodation, services and infrastructures facilities to improving sustainable tourism, and determined their significance using the Geographic information systems (GIS). Furthermore, the uncertainty analyze was applied to diminish the inherent error in criteria weights. A GIS-based aggregation function was applied to discern the TPP map. Finally, the emphasis in this paper investigates the practical usage of GIS for the benefit of sustainable tourism development. In particular, it inquired the possible opportunities and challenges facing the adoption of GIS to assist sustainable tourism development. The purpose of this article is to map and explore existing and potential attractions, tourism services and facilities in Tabriz and to ensure that potential opportunities are available for all tourists to enjoy enjoyable experiences in order to reveal their diverse economic, social, political and cultural benefits. Build on the positive and negative aspects of their construction and present them with appropriate solutions for tourism development that lead to sustainable tourism development and infrastructure improvement.

In the present study, the main purpose is the qualitative study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Statistical methods are efficient and useful tools to perceive and evaluate climate behavior. One of statistical applications in climatology is modeling of climatic elements behavior. An applied statistic models is ARIMA. In this statistical pattern values are modeled based on their historical behavior modeled. In this paper, the annual temperature of Tabriz city was modeled during 1951-2005. To forecast Mean while adjusting method of ARIMA have been introduced step by step. The ARIMA (0, 1, 2)can was identified as final pattern based on common modeling. The first order of difference degree shows a linear trend what is approved by a constant term in co model. According to the ARIMA (0, 1, 2)canthe amount of this trend is 0.033 Ċ par year. The second order of moving average in Indicates that temperature for each year is functioned by stochastic parameters of previous year. Finally, According to the adjusted model, the temperature of 20 year with 95% confidence interval have been calculated.

Introduction Smart cities provide better transportation and ease of access, improved social services, urban sustainability, and a better quality of life for their residents. Like most big cities in the world, Tabriz city faces complex problems in the field of population density, air, and noise pollution, providing transportation services, and social and economical housing. Therefore, the formation of a smart city based on smart criteria in the city of Tabriz based on big data can be a great help for the government and city managers in determining the smart city strategy. The reason for the lack of success in the implementation of the smart city is the need for more awareness of the smart city and its management and the effective factors in its formation. Therefore, it is very necessary and vital to identify the effective factors in the formation of the smart city of Tabriz at this time. The purpose of this study is to identify the living conditions in a smart city and its characteristics through the perception of residents (young people) of Tabriz based on a developed model. The criteria for choosing the city’, s young class is because young people play a critical role in the future of society, they play a major role in the process of creating a more stable and resilient city, and information and communication technology (ITC), which allows communities to adapt to the conditions that have arisen, grown and developed even when faced with difficulties. Materials and Methods The work method is quantitative-qualitative and includes two parts. A survey was conducted based on the theoretical aspects obtained in the review stage of the theoretical foundations and background of the research. The second was based on field studies using a researcher-made questionnaire. In the questionnaire, a five-point Likert spectrum scale was used according to the level of agreement or disagreement of the respondents (1 completely disagree,5 completely agree), which were part of the structure of the theoretical model. Therefore, to ensure the achievement of a high-quality field to achieve the goals proposed in this study, a systematic literature review method was used, a well-known scientific research method that has been accepted by researchers in various fields. It is a research strategy that defines, from selection to analysis, all the steps necessary to conduct a reliable and accurate bibliographic review. In this research, the articles from authoritative databases were examined. According to these selected articles, the articles that did not belong to scientific journals were excluded. Therefore, after identifying the gap in the theoretical framework and considering the studies conducted on all aspects of the smart city, a study Exploration was conducted through the development of a bibliographic review with a qualitative approach as well as field research with a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the research includes the population of Tabriz city, 1593373 people. The sample size was 384 people based on Cochran’, s formula. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) were chosen for the quantitative analysis. Then, a correlation matrix was used using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and its data was analyzed by Smart PLS software. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS software were also used for descriptive analysis. Findings The results of significant path analysis showed that all hypotheses are confirmed, as there was no significant difference between the main sample and the sub-samples produced by the statistical technique with critical limits for the t-Student test. When the operational definitions of “, characteristics of smart cities”,were analyzed, the path analysis of “, characteristics of smart cities and the environment”,was accepted with the highest β,in both samples: the first sample (β, =0. 822) and the second example (β, =0. 793). This relationship is related to using information and communication technology to better protect and manage environmental resources and related infrastructure and to create more sustainability. In this context, the technologies developed in the city of Tabriz are considered factors that drive the efficiency of the city and enable the optimal use of resources and reduce environmental impacts, for example, by improving air quality. Citizens of a large metropolis like Tabriz (based on the selected sample) face daily problems such as roadblocks, poor public services, and poor sanitation, as well as air, water, and street pollution, which create disturbances and concerns that require practical solutions. On the other hand, according to the operational settings of smart city features in Tabriz city, the relationship between smart city path analysis features and the economy was the relationship that had the lowest value among all relationships in both sample 1 (0. 627) and sample 2 (0. 556) and confirmed that the smart city is an innovative urban ecosystem that is characterized by the extensive use of information and communication technology in the management of its resources and structure. However, it is necessary to broaden the concept of the economy with access and information to the people who participated in this survey so that they can be more active in issues related to the spirit of innovation, entrepreneurship, productivity, labor market, international integration, and ability to change the company. Moreover, a critical aspect of this structure is related to competition, so it is necessary to invest in the creation of these innovative environments (for example, rooms or co-working spaces) so that one can strengthen the interaction with young people. The results showed that in this model, it was possible to adapt all the features of smart cities. The characteristic of the environment was the case that showed the most relationship in contributing to city efficiency and reducing environmental effects on the quality of cities, and the characteristic of the economy was the case that showed the least relationship. Conclusion Finally, it is argued that overall efficiency in all features depends on citizen engagement in public life innovation processes. The smart city is different and useful from other solutions due to its success in the field of innovation, basically depending on the collaborative process that encourages the discovery and creation of ideas in developed environments.

Today, children are the future generations of our society. That explains the need for general understanding and all the way to children and design and build the child-friendly city. The goal of this research Child friendly City Foresight of Tabriz City and The type of research is applied-developmental. And the MicMac, GRA and Scenario models have been used for data analysis. According to the results of the MicMac software 10 key factors were identified. These key factors were then prioritized using the GRA model at the level of 10 Tabriz areas. The results of the gray analysis method were determined and it was evaluated for 10 areas. Zone 1 is the top priority, Zone 4 in the second priority and Zones 9 and 8 had the worst situation than Child-friendly city. And finally, important influential scenarios were formulated in the child-friendly city of Tabriz Using ScenarioWizard. And the results from the scenariowizard showed that 13 plausible and probable scenarios (1 scenario with optimum status, 2 Scenarios with fixed status and 10 critical-case scenarios) were obtained for the future status of the Child-friendly city Foresight in the Tabriz city. According to expert opinions, there are desperate situations to accomplish child-friendly city in Tabriz's 10 districts in the 1410 Horizons especially for areas 8 and 9. This subject necessity of planning has made it necessary. To counteract and reduce the negative impacts of their occurrence, as well as the need to pay attention to the optimal scenario.

Mental image (positive or negative), that residents of a region have from their habitat, have significant impact on their support of tourism on that region and the amount of local resident’ s support could have determinative role on tourism development. Therefore, the aim of this study is to survey the amount of local residents support from tourism development and explain affective factors on support level (mental image). In the terms of purpose and data collection method, this study is practical and analytical-descriptive research, respectively. Partial Least Square (PLS) is used in order to analyze research data from structural equations modeling approach. Structural equations modeling, is expanding of general liner model which allow researcher to examine collection of regression equations simultaneously. Also, the main data collection tool is questionnaires. For this purpose, in the second quarter of year (21 June 2016 to 21 September 2016), 384 questionnaires in the method of simple stratified sampling have been distributed among research statistics community that contains three groups: the households with common living, commercial-services sector and public sector officials. The results of study show that there are significant and positive relationship between mental image of Tabriz residents and their tourism development support. The highest level of tourism development support is related to residents of commercial-services sector (0. 367 path coefficient), residents of public sector officials (0. 227 path coefficient) and finally the households with common living (0. 212 path coefficient). Residents little support of tourism development can be due to their concern of undesirable tourism development or non-utilization of benefits that result from tourism in host community. Therefore, although all three groups support tourism development, but this support was low and authorities should arrange proper policies to increase host community support. Therefore, this study explores the role of residents' place image in shaping their support for tourism development. The tested model proposes that residents' place image affects their perceptions of tourism impacts and in turn their support for tourism development. Moreover, while residents' place image has been largely neglected by tourism development studies, the findings of this study reveal its significance in shaping residents' perception of tourism impacts as well as their level of support.

In recent years, the tourism industry has become one of the most lucrative industries in the world and there is intense competition among many countries to attract tourists. Meanwhile, medical tourism, as one of the indicators of health tourism, is a growing phenomenon in the 21st century, which has one of the fastest developments in the tourism market. It also has high economic and social benefits for the destination country and city. Tabriz is a university city and one of the educational and research hubs of the country in medical sciences and welcomes medical tourists from countries in the region that face obstacles and challenges in this industry. The research method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is documentary and field information. The statistical population of this study consists of the staff of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of East Azerbaijan Province, professors of the Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences of Tabriz University and physicians and specialists of public and private medical centers in Tabriz. In three weeks, 70 questionnaires were completed, of which 67 were suitable for use,The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The evaluated variables, barriers to medical tourism were extracted from the summary of previous studies. The results showed that the barriers to medical tourism in Tabriz according to the path coefficients of the variables are: Language, communication and advertising barriers with a path coefficient of 0. 271 in the first place has the greatest impact on the lack of development of medical tourism and the rest respectively Barriers to specialized manpower with a coefficient of 0. 230, barriers to policy-making, legislation and monitoring and evaluation with a coefficient of 0. 205, economic barriers with a coefficient of 0. 189, barriers to facilities and infrastructure with a coefficient of 0. 187 are in the next ranks. The results of this study show that except for the variable of manpower barriers, other variables have a role in the lack of development of medical tourism in Tabriz. Extended Abstract Introduction In recent years, the tourism industry has become one of the most lucrative industries in the world, and there is intense competition among many countries to attract tourists. Meanwhile, medical tourism, as one of the indicators of health tourism, is a growing phenomenon in the 21st century, which has one of the fastest developments in the tourism market. It also has high economic and social benefits for the destination country and city. In 2017, all statistics and reports, including the World Health Organization forecast, indicate the growing growth of medical tourism in the world. Various sources estimate the global medical tourism revenue between $10. 5 billion in 2012 to $32 billion in 2019 and forecast to reach $3 trillion by 2025. The Medical Tourism Association also estimated the global medical tourism revenue in 2016 at $100 billion. Currently, the main reasons for patients traveling to Iran are related to the quality of health services, low costs of medicine and treatment compared to other countries in the region, access to advanced and new equipment, the presence of specialists and efficient staff in the field of health, similar culture and language and lack of equipment and specialized forces in the country of origin. In the fourth and fifth development plans of Iran in the field of health, active presence in global markets due to the growing growth of globalization as the main approach with the aim of job creation, quality growth in the health sector and approaching global standards, earn and currency exchange to the country and supporting economic growth and becoming a health tourism hub in the region is considered. Tabriz is a university city and one of the educational and research hubs of the country in medical sciences, and welcomes medical tourists from countries in the region which faces obstacles and challenges in this industry. Methodology The research method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is documentary and field information. The statistical population of this study consists of the staff of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of East Azerbaijan Province, professors of the Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences of Tabriz University and physicians and specialists of public and private medical centers in Tabriz. In three weeks, 70 questionnaires were completed, of which 67 were suitable for use,The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The evaluated variables, barriers to medical tourism, were extracted from the summary of previous studies. Results and discussion Rejecting the effect of human power barriers on the lack of development of medical tourism: According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27) is equal to 0. 054,there is no significant relationship between the variable of human power barriers and the lack of development of medical tourism. No rejection of the effect of economic barriers on the lack of development of medical tourism: According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0. 026,there is a significant relationship. No rejection of the effect of barriers to policy-making, legislation, monitoring, evaluation on the lack of development of medical tourism: According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0. 028,there is a significant relationship between the variables of barriers to policy-making, legislation, monitoring, evaluation and underdevelopment of medical tourism. No rejection of the effect of language barriers, communication, advertising on the lack of development of medical tourism: According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0. 020,there is a significant relationship between the variables of language barriers, communication, advertising and lack of development of medical tourism. No rejection of the effect of barriers of facilities and infrastructure on the lack of development of medical tourism: According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0. 021,there is a significant relationship between the variable barriers of facilities and infrastructure and the lack of development of medical tourism. Conclusions The results of this study show that except for the variable of manpower barriers, other variables have a role in the lack of development of medical tourism in Tabriz. Also, the results of the collected data showed that economic barriers, policy barriers, legislation, monitoring, evaluation, language barriers, communications, advertising, barriers to facilities and infrastructure effectively affect the lack of development of medical tourism (Hypothesis 1, 2, 4, 5 ). This is important according to the researches of experts such as Nagarjan (2004), Ye et al. (2008), Asnov and Rekrojipol (2011), Chen et al. (2012), Rokni et al. (2017), Verolava and Zhurbendze (2018), Haghighi Kafash Et al. (2010), Sadrmomtaz and Agha Rahimi (2010), Turani et al. (2011), Delgoshaei et al. Azizi and Zahedi (2015), Karami et al. (2015), are confirmed. Contrary to the results of previous studies, the results of this study showed that human power barriers have no effect on the lack of development of medical tourism (Hypothesis 3).

The consolidation settlement is one of the main geotechnical problems in areas with saturated fine grained layers. This phenomenon evaluation is carried out by borehole drilling, preparation of intact specimens, determination of geotechnical properties of soil and doing consolidation test. The subject of consolidation settlement does not sufficiently studied due to the considerable cost and time, especially in large areas. So the major damage of structures caused by this phenomenon. Types of clay and marl soil layers have spread in different parts of Tabriz city. In the north Fereshteh alley (located in the northeastern part of Tabriz city), the silty clay layers are outcrop. This layers have a significant consolidation settlement potential due to the drainage seepage of the sub-surface waters of the northern mountains of Tabriz. A significant number of buildings in this area have been seriously damaged in recent years. In this research, a geotechnical properties of soil samples (physical, plasticity, strength and consolidation properties), Obtained from drilling machine borehole and test pit, were determined. Initially, geotechnical conditions of layers is described. The allowable bearing capacity of the existing strip foundation, based on Hansen criteria, standard penetration test results and consolidation settlement, were calculated. This results were plotted for several of foundation widths and ratios of length to width. Based on this study results, the consolidation settlement criterion dictates allowable bearing capacity of foundations. So, the allowable bearing capacity of usual shallow foundation is not enough for usual structures in this area. Adequate geotechnical investigations and the use of deep foundations are recommendations and suggestions of this study.